Precious Stones - The Big Five: Part 2, The Ruby

What fairy tales of enchanted princesses andis known as Pigeon Blood. This is the color of
legendary lore of the Arabian Nights does not thearterial blood. The ruby has always been greatly
mere mention of the ruby conjure up to ouradmired, and many say that the ruby in the
imagination! No stone has been more intimatelyBritish Crown is the most beautiful gem they
connected with poetry and romance, and fewhave ever seen.
gems can compare either in beauty or value withThe ruby is found in limestone deposits on side
a perfect ruby. When Solomon exclaimed that "ahills, but the largest quantity is found in alluvial
virtuous woman was more valuable than rubies,"deposits of gravel and clay in riverbeds. These
and Job, that "the price of wisdom is abovedeposits are about fifteen to twenty feet below
rubies," they both mentioned what to them wasthe surface and from a few inches to five feet in
the most valuable thing in existence. And its valuethickness. This material called "byon" is mined or
and rarity have not decreased since their time.removed and put through a washing process by
Today a perfect ruby of five carats will fetch atwhich the rubies are recovered.
least five times the value of a diamond of theThe genuine ruby is gotten from the mineral
same size and quality, while rubies without flaw orknown as corundum. Emery, so much used, is an
blemish, and of the true pigeon-blood variety,impure form of corundum. The superbly blood-red
weighing as much as ten carats, are so rare andcolor of the perfect ruby is produced by the very
valuable that ten times the value of a perfecttiny portions of impurity in the substance after
diamond would be considered a very low price tothey have been crystallized by Nature's wonderful
pay for so perfect a gem.processes. All genuine--that is natural stones,
The ruby is the oldest or first known of allcontain certain tiny flaws and blemishes and
precious stones, dating far back in the earlycharacteristic peculiarities. The fewer these flaws
history of Chaldea and Babylonia. The finestthe rarer the gem. Imitation stones get their
specimens, as well as the largest quantities, areimperfections during manufacture, and as the
found in Upper Burma, and at the present timechemists are more careful than Nature, these
over one-half of the world's supply comes fromimperfections are less noticeable. By the following
this locality. The rubies found in Ceylon, Siam anddifferences between the real and the artificial, you
Australia have not the deep rich color of thecan test your ruby. A real ruby contains irregularly
Burmese ruby which is a shade of red slightlyshaped bubbles; the imitation ruby contains
inclined to the purple and is often called "Pigeonbubbles that are perfectly round. Natural rubies all
Blood Ruby." The value of rubies depends uponhave a silky sheen, due to a number of tiny
their color and transparency.parallel lines going in three definite directions;
The red sapphire or ruby is the most valuable ofimitation stones never have this characteristic.
the corundum family, and when found of a goodWhile lab-created rubies and sapphires have a
color, pure and brilliant, and in sizes of one caratdistinct use in jewelry, they can never affect the
and larger, it is much more valuable than a finesale of the real gems any more than is the case
diamond of the same size.with imitation pearls. Aside from the fact that the
Rubies and Sapphires are scientifically the sameimitation can always be ultimately detected, the
stone, differing only in color. Corundum, theperson desiring to purchase a ruby, as a ruby, and
predominating mineral of both, is composed ofas a work of beauty and distinction wants a gem
nearly pure alumina. The coloring substance, whichwhich he knows is one of nature's rarities and is
differentiates rubies and sapphires, is believed totherefore possessed of intrinsically great value. A
be chromium. In the scale of hardness the gemgood illustration of this fundamental feeling is given
ranks as No. 9 and is thus the hardest of allby Mr. Zell a noted mineralogist, who says, "Many
substances excepting the diamond. Color is theperfect copies of the Sistine Madonna have been
most important factor in determining the value ofmade by good artists, the original is priceless, the
the ruby. The gem is always more or lesscopies at the most are worth a few hundred
imperfect, but its freedom from baddollars, this is the relation of a gem made in
imperfections is also important. Since fine rubies ofnature's laboratory to one produced by the
all sizes are extremely rare, the price increaseschemist."
very rapidly with an increase in size, and a fineToday, the ruby is still considered one of the
ruby of more than four carats commands anmost valuable and beautiful of the precious
extraordinary price and can be said to be thestones. Artisans of fine jewelry throughout the
most valuable of all gems, exceeding greatly aworld continue to utilize this fine gem in their
diamond of equal weight. The color of the rubycreations. Ruby is the birthstone for the month of
varies from the lightest rose tint to the deepestJuly.
carmine, but the rarest and most valuable shade