| American Indian art encompasses many types of | | | | mistook this care and reverence for wampum |
| arts and crafts, from the more traditionally and / | | | | beads as a sign that the beads held monetary |
| or stereotypically Native American art such as | | | | significance. As such, they mistakenly assumed |
| beadwork and pottery, to modern photography, | | | | that the word wampum referred to money, |
| fine paintings, sculptures and the like. There are | | | | when in actuality these important beads were |
| many art auctions, both online and off, that | | | | much more like very important original documents. |
| feature this form of American Indian art. | | | | To string beads, Native Americans used animal |
| In this article well discuss one of the most | | | | sinew that is split very fine with which to attach |
| traditional and historically relevant branches of | | | | beads to clothing, though infrequently strong plant |
| American Indian art: beadwork. Beadwork of the | | | | fibers such as hide thongs or nettle were used |
| Native American peoples had and has practical as | | | | for these purposes. |
| well as decorative; utilitarian as well as rich | | | | Today, the Navajos as well as some pueblo |
| symbolic meaning. | | | | people still make the ancient bead type called the |
| Beadwork and making of the beads themselves is | | | | heishii. This is by far the most popular and high |
| a very old craft. Stone, bone and shell beads | | | | quantity type of beadwork that is still made |
| (such as turquoise and semi-precious stones) are | | | | today as it was in ancient times. These necklaces |
| still made the same ancient way. Little affected | | | | are also referred to as story necklaces as they |
| by modern technology, the making of beads is still | | | | can be used to tell stories, with each bead |
| carried out in nearly the exact same way as | | | | representing a character. |
| peoples did thousands of years ago. | | | | Beads and beadwork are a very important part |
| Sea shell bead pieces are among the most | | | | of archaeological explorations of pre-European |
| popular and well known pieces of regional trade | | | | history. Beads have survived thousands of years |
| importance for thousands of years. Nearly | | | | and tell many fascinating stories about times we |
| everyone has seen American Indian art pieces, | | | | werent around to witness. This is particularly true |
| from beaded necklaces to purses, belts and such. | | | | with respect to beadwork mad of sea shells. |
| For the last several decades modern beadwork | | | | Ancient shell beads have been found thousands of |
| has been replicated in oriental factories and very | | | | miles from seas, which indicates various trade |
| cheaply imported. This makes it a competing | | | | routes and contacts among different groups of |
| factor against the top quality beadwork done by | | | | people. |
| American Indian craftspeople. The native | | | | Today American Indian artists even create digital |
| American crafts people have lost several millions | | | | beadwork designs to help them make actual |
| of dollars (just over an eight year period during | | | | beadwork pieces. In this way complex designs |
| the 1980s) to these fake native beads and | | | | and pieces can be tested on the screen before |
| beadwork pieces. | | | | the project is begun. This has certainly added to |
| Historically, beads were carved from turtle shell, | | | | the creative process for many beadwork artists. |
| animal horn and deer hooves. These were often | | | | Beadworking weaves through native history both |
| used for making rattling or tinkling pieces utilized in | | | | in ancient times as well as in todays modern |
| dance. Hunters often wore necklaces put together | | | | computer technology. The most important aspect |
| with animal portions, such as bear claws or wolf | | | | of beadwork, though, is not what can be sold or |
| claws. These indicated a hunters prowess. Bones | | | | gained, but personal pieces that are only given |
| and seeds were often steamed to soften them | | | | among family and friends. The true meanings |
| for stringing and /or bending into various shapes. | | | | behind these pieces are personal associations tied |
| As an example of beadwork used for a most | | | | to visions, important perspectives and other |
| practical purpose, the Iroqois League | | | | things that an individual wishes to be reminded of. |
| (Haudenosee) used white and purple wampum | | | | John Ugoshowa. For more information about |
| chains made of fresh-water clam shells to record | | | | Aquariums and fish care see the art aquarium and |
| sacred ceremonies, treaties and songs. This | | | | fish care section of The Free Ad John Ugoshowa. |
| practice was used both before and after the | | | | For more information about art auctions see the |
| coming of European settlers. | | | | art auction section of The Free Ad Forum at: |
| Many types of agreements were recorded with | | | | You are welcome to reproduce this article in your |
| such beadwork chains. They were highly valued | | | | ezine or website as long as you include our link |
| and cared for by their owners. European settlers | | | | and bio above. |